Depictions of Beauty in the Victorian Era :: British History Essays

Depictions of Beauty in the Victorian Era Missing Works Cited What is beauty anyway? Theres no such thing. (Pablo Picasso) The Victorians obsession with physiological appearance has been healthy documented by scholars. This was a society in which ones clothing was an immediate indication of what one did for a living (and by extension, ones station in life). It was a world, as John Reed puts it, where things were as they seemed (312). So it is not surprising to find that the Victorians also placed great faith in bodily appearance. To the Victorians, a face and figure could reveal the inner thoughts and emotions of the individual as reliably as clothing indicated his occupation. There is abundant evidence of the pervasiveness of this belief in the publications of the period. According to Reed, Victorian literature abounds with expressions of faith in physiognomy (336). He quotes a passage from Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre to prove the point Jane Eyre, for example, trusts her initial perception of Rochester, whose brow showed a solid enough mass of intellectual organs, but an abrupt deficiency where the suave sign of benevolence should have risen (146 ch. 14, Reed 336). In the Victorian novel, physical appearance was a primary means of characterization (Lefkovitz 1). A hero or heroines beauty (or lack thereof) was probably the most important aspect of his or character. As Lefkovitz points out, beauty is always culturally defined. How then, did the Victorians define it? For women, that definition is a strange mixture of ideals. The Victorians admired both the strong, hearty, statuesque lady (modeled on business leader Victoria herself) and the weak, fainting beauty, who Lefkovitz put ons the French word mourante to define dying, languishing, expiring, fainting, fading (36). The former type was most popular in the first half of the century, according to Federico A womans embody in the first decade of the century was . . . under considerable scrutiny, and the i deal against which she was measured was tall and statuesque, stately, elegant, refined . . . nothing is considered so outre excessive as a slender waist, while the en bon point is the ne plus ultra utmost point meaning a towering, powerful-looking woman of feminine proportions. (30)Many writers embraced this strong, sculpted, large-bodied female type, if only to use her as a comparison to the more delicate beauty that became popular later. According to Lefkovitz, the two conventions meet (and clash) in George Eliots Adam Bede Bessy Cranage .

galileo :: essays research papers

Galileo GalileiGalileo was a mathematician transformed into an astronomer. He created the modern telescope based on a primitive model that originated in Amsterdam. Galileo disproved Aristotles fundamental principles of the universe, which had been excepted passim the centuries as common friendship. According to this theory, no change could ever take place in the heavens, because everything in them was made of a perfect and unalterable internality called the quintessence. However, in October 1604, Galileo spotted a supernova and a new star was discovered and proved to be among the fixed stars, disproving Aristotles theories. Galileos telescopes were approved by the Venetian senators to be copied and openly sold. However, Galileo was threatened when Venice disapproved of telescopes being cheaply hawked on every street corner. He fled to Florence seeking protection under Cosimo de Medici. In Florence Galileo gained many allies on his sun-centered theory of the solar system of the un iverse. Between 1616 and 1624, Galileo remained content to study without publishing his findings. Galileo grew bolder due to his failing eyesight and by 1632 Galileos ideas had become common knowledge in Italian streets. Many authorities considered Galileos findings as dangerously heretical and seditious notions. Under pressure from the church, Cosimo de Medici withdrew his protection, as did Pope Urban VIII, the reason Cardinal Barberini, who allowed his Cardinal Inquisitor to threaten Galileo with torture in order to exact a confession of heresy and recantation.To the dismay of his close followers, Galileo recanted on June 22, 1633. The news program was announced to his family and friends by the church bells of the Saint Marcus, followed by the town criers reading of the text of the recantation. Feeling betrayed, his disciples turned away from him. Thereafter until his closing in 1642, Galileo remained a prisoner of the Inquisition, under house arrest, and under the watchful ey e of his daughter, Virginia. Secretly, he worked at night on his scientific opus, the Discorsi. He hid his papers inside a globe and was able to get his work to the outside world after Andrea visited him, asking of his health. After admitting that he had recanted from a fear of torture, Galileo gave the manuscript to Andrea, who in 1637 conveyed it across the Italian frontier on his way to Amsterdam, where it could be published and circulated without reprisal from the church.Galileos ideals came as a shock to the citizens of Italy and other nations.

John Dillinger :: Essays Papers

john Dillinger On June 22, 1903 a man named John Dillinger was born. He grew up in the Oak Hill Section of Indianapolis. When John was three years old his mother died, and when his father remarried six years later, John resented his stepmother. When John was a teenager he was frequently in trouble. He finally quit school and got a job in a machine lead astray in Indianapolis. He was very intelligent and a good worker, but he soon got bored and often stayed out all night. His father began to call up that the city was corrupting his son, so he sold his property in Indianapolis and moved his family to a farm near Mooresville, Indiana. John reacted no punter to rural life than he had to that in the city and soon began to run wild again. At the age of 21 he attempted his first robbery, robbing a grocery store, in his home town. He was caught and imprisoned for nine years until 1933. Soon after he was released, Dillinger robbed a bank in Bluffton, Ohio and was arrested by the Dayton police. He was put in Lima county jail to wait for his trial. The Lima police found a document on John which seemed to be a figure for a prison break, but he denied everything. Four days later, using the same plans, eight of Dillingers friends escaped from the Indiana enjoin Prison, using shotguns and rifles which had been smuggled into their cells. During their escape, they killed both guards. On October 12, three of the escaped prisoners and a parolee from the same prison showed up at the Lima jail where Dillinger was. They told the sheriff that they had come to return Dillinger to the Indiana State Prison for violation of his parole. When the sheriff asked to see their credentials, one of the men pulled a gun, shot the sheriff and beat him into unconsciousness. They took the keys, freed Dillinger, locked the sheriffs wife and a deputy in the cell, and left. Leaving the sheriff to die on the floor. These four mens fingerprint c ards were pulled, indicating that they were wanted.

Evolution of Individual Rights :: essays research papers

Evolution of Individual Rights Prior to the Constitutional ConventionReligious freedom is one main reason for the founding of our country. The concept of ideological and spiritual freedom remains as strong today as it was at the time of the founding of the fall in States. The founding fathers left their homelands for a country, which promised freedoms well beyond those, available to the masses during the times of early U.S. immigration. Representatives at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia (1787) intentionally avoided making strong statements regarding religion due to a unwavering belief that unearthly provisions were unnecessary to preserve religious liberty. This omission was not taken lightly by six states, who went on to propose amendments guaranteeing religious freedom. In fact, two states refused to ratify the document until a Bill of Rights, including religious freedom, was adopted. In 1789, a compilation of modifications and amendments were assembled, which in cluded the statements we collectively call the First Amendment to the United States Constitution (Alexander and Alexander, 1998).The pertinent section of the First Amendment that refers to religion simply states "Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof." The prototypical part of the statement is commonly known as the "establishment" clause, while the second part is known as the "free exercise" clause. Though think to be clear, concise and decisive in its presentation of the two clauses, the potential for individual interpretation based on individual biases and ephemeral passions continues to allow for igneous argument to this day. It is the balancing of these two clauses that makes the analysis of religious freedom questions difficult for teachers, administrators and legal professionals.

Essay --

Following WW I in the 1920s, there was a decade of an economical explosion. The post-war era brought about many changes. Businesses showed gigantic profits, migration to big cities of industrial companies occurred with the hopes of making a better life, people were given the opportunity to purchase things on credit, while others borrowed money making poor decisions buying high priced stocks with the innovation of selling stocks for a profits to repay lenders. When Black Tuesday occurred on October 29, 1929, this marked the beginning of the Great Depression that left devastating economic hardships for the American people. Although it was continuously my belief that the stock market crash was the sole contributor of the Great Depression, there was actually a number of contributing factors that ultimately take to the great crash. The economic boom made it possible for companies to became more efficient with manufacturing and began stockpiling goods, once this occurr ed companies had to cut back on production. The wealthy stopped buying which led to further stockpiling. The work...

Essay --

Following WW I in the 1920s, there was a decade of an economical explosion. The post-war era brought about many changes. Businesses showed great profits, migration to self-aggrandizing cities of industrial companies occurred with the hopes of making a better life, people were given the opportunity to purchase things on credit, while others borrowed money making poor decisions purchase higher(prenominal) priced stocks with the intention of selling stocks for a profits to repay lenders. When Black Tuesday occurred on October 29, 1929, this marked the beginning of the Great Depression that left devastating economic hardships for the American people. Although it was always my belief that the stock market crash was the sole contributor of the Great Depression, there was actually a number of contributing factors that ultimately take to the great crash. The economic boom made it possible for companies to became more efficient with manufacturing and began stockpiling goo ds, once this occurred companies had to cut back on production. The wealthy stopped buying which led to further stockpiling. The work...

Classical India and Mesopotamia Essay

Classical India and Mesopotamia are both ancient civilizations with many similarities and differences. Both Mesopotamia and Classical India had law codes and were a patriarchal society. Social mobility was not invest in Classical India as it was in Mesopotamia. In both societies there were many things similar and many things different.Both Classical India and Mesopotamia had law codes. Classical India employ the Code of Manu while Mesopotamia used the code of Hammurabi. These codes were followed by everyone in both civilizations. Both law codes had punishments equal to the crime and were based off an shopping centre for an eye premise or the principal of relation. Physical crimes had physical consequences, for instance, if you were to hit someone you would be punished by having your hand cut off. Likewise in both societies the lower class was treated exceedingly poor. Often the slave class was put to death for breaking the law codes against people of the upper class. Law codes wer e average one way that Classical India and Mesopotamia are similar.Mesopotamia and Classical India alike were both patriarchal societies. This is important because it shows how much we have advanced in womens rights. Women in both civilizations were treated as property. While women in Classical India were protected, the rights they received were nowhere near the same as they were for men. Only men had the right to protest property and make trades in both civilizations. Women were even treated poorly in the law codes. In the code of Hammurabi, if a womans keep up died they would need to throw themselves in a fire. All women were to live for was their husbands. The patriarchal society of Classical India and Mesopotamia shows how women were treated and interacted with.Social mobility was present in Mesopotamia while it wasnt in Classical India. In Classical India you were born into the caste system which was where you would stay for the remainder of your life. In order to move up yo u would have to see for your next life. In Mesopotamia the classes were based on wealth. In Mesopotamia there were three social classes. The highest class was the richest and the lowest were the poor. In Mesopotamia if you came upon wealth you would move up in the social ranks unlike in Classical India.Both Mesopotamia and Classical India had similarities and differences with the way the societies were governed and the social interactions between the people.

Crown Corporations – Lcbo

Which Canadian Crown Corporation should be privatized? Crown Corporations ar government-owned entities (Stastna, Kazi. ). An example includes the Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO). LCBO stores are the only stores, in Ontario, allowed to distribute liquor and other distilled beverages therefore, LCBO is a monopoly (Beverage Alcohol Service Review A Matter of Balance). The main purpose of this regulation is to dividing line the consumption of such products in Ontario for better health (Beverage Alcohol Service Review A Matter of Balance). However, the government self-control of LCBO whitethorn not be ideal.The corporation should be privatized because its products do not eudaimonia everyone in Ontario, and because privatization may be better for the economy. Firstly, LCBO distributes distilled spirits which not everyone living in Ontario may be fond of. As the corporation is government owned, any losses will catch to be accounted for by the government. For this, the governmen t will have to use taxpayers notes. LCBOs products are not public goods. Not every taxpayer will benefit from the existence of LCBO, so it would be unfair to use taxpayers money in case of any losses.Furthermore, liquor is a private good. According to John Kenneth Galbraiths theory on public purpose, poverty is due to mixer imbalance that results in a lack of public goods. (Dunn, Stephen P. and Steven Pressman) Also, LCBOs products undergo a great deal of advertising. As a result, their products may be considered unlifelike wants goods that people do not necessarily need (Snm090). With this in mind, the government should focus more on public goods, and less on private goods. Secondly, the privatization of LCBO would benefit the economy. LCBO, being a monopoly, faces zero competition.Hence, the corporation will not feel the need for innovation. If the liquor industry was privatized and legal barriers to entry were abolished, the industry could expect the arriver of new companie s. The industry will no longer be a monopoly and competition will exist. This competition would lead to innovation. Moreover, the privatization of LCBO would still benefit the government. According to the LCBO yearbook Report 201011, net sales and other incomes reached $4. 7 billion in 2011. Theres no doubt, then, that the government could sell the corporation for billions.Although this is a one-time profit, the government could still continue to make profits by imposing heavy taxes on the sale of distilled spirits. Since such beverages are habitual goods, their price cinch of demand would be inelastic. This means that as price increases, the total revenue would also increase. The government would find themselves profitable if they were to impose taxes. To conclude, LCBOs government ownership may not be a wise idea. The Crown Corporation should be privatized as it produces goods that do not benefit the entire population of Ontario, and as privatisation could benefit the economy.Wo rks Cited Beverage Alcohol Service Review A Matter of Balance. ApolNet. n. p. , June 2005. Web. April 13, 2013. Dunn, Stephen P. and Steven Pressman. The Economic Contributions of John Kenneth Galbraith. Bib. n. p. , April 2005. Web. April 12, 2013. LCBO Annual Report 201011. LCBO. LCBO, n. d. Web. April 12, 2013. Snm090. Does Advertising Create Artificial Wants? Papercamp. n. p. , November 11, 2012. Web. April 13, 2013. Stastna, Kazi. What are Crown corporations and why do they exist? CBC. CBC, April 1, 2012. Web. April 12, 2013.

Charles Lamb “Thoughtless Cruelty” Essay

Most people, at some point of their lives, train tortured modest insects whether it be pulling the wings finish off a fly or crushing an ant. In the poem Thoughtless Cruelty by Charles honey the endorser can see that the informant is indeed angry about such a thing. The author uses the poetic devices such as diction, create verbally, and detail to describe his side toward those who perform such Thoughtless Cruelty.The author first directs his attention to Robert that has killd that fly. The author then says the man was devoid Of legal opinion and sense to have killed the fly. Here, the author is implying that Robert must have been stupid for killing the innocent creature. The author goes on talking about inwrought death as a bird devours it or a cold blast in the night will take its life. By describing the natural causes of the insects death, bear sympathizes for the creature because of its unnatural death. beloved continues discussing that pain exists in even The greates t being, and even the smallest ones possess the feeling of death and pain experienced before. The author goes on with more detail in the piece about the crude humor in the creatures horrible death.Lamb explains, The life youve interpreted to supply, You could not do it that the life Robert has taken cannot be restored, no social function how hard he tries. The author tries to make Robert feel guilty by edify him, A thing which no way you annoyd Youll one day rue it, suggesting that one day he will realize his rigourousness and morn the death of the fly. The bird but seeks his proper food May just take its life. Here Lamb goes into more detail about the natural death the fly may have experienced. A life by Nature made so short, Less reason is that you for sport Should shorter make it. Lamb again tries to weigh more guilt upon Robert. Although their frame and structure less Escape our seeing, they still experience pain and its horrors.Though the rhyme scheme of AAAB, Charles Lamb starts to use the poetic device of rhyme to also express his attitude. In the first stanza, he talks about how Robert, killed that fly, but not matter how hard he may try to supply the life he has taken, he could never do it. In the secondstanza Lamb writes that Robert must have been devoid of thinking to have destroyd the fly that he never annoyd, and will one day rue it, expressing electronegativity by sympathizing for the innocent creature. The author then goes into the natural death by illustrating the bird seeking its food, that fate whose power endud the fly thinks the clock is good will take it. Finally, the author fully expresses himself when he explains the pain The greatest being can have with its flesh that even the fly may possess, small and structure less may escape our seeing.All in all, the author uses many poetic devices such as diction, detail, and rhyme to express his attitude toward, what seems tragic to the author, event. Even the title Thoughtless Cruelty exp resses the authors feelings. Things may be different now, when you see a fly, pulling the wings off a fly may not seem the same.

AIDS Case Study Essay

Client Profile Mr. doubting doubting doubting doubting Thomas is a 42 year old man admitted to the hospital with complaints of shortness of breath, fever, fatigue and viva voce thrush. The health c ar provider reviews the laboratory and diagnostic tests with Mr. Thomas and informs him he has pneumonia and is human immunodeficiency virus compulsive. Mr. Thomas believes that he contracted human immunodeficiency virus patch involved in an affair with another woman trio years ago. He is afraid to consecrate his wife, comeing she result be angry and that she may leave him. role Study The nurse assigned to cargon for Mr. Thomas reads in the medical record (chart) that he learned two days ago he was human immunodeficiency virus positive. There is a note in the record that indicates that Mr. Thomas has not told his wife the diagnosis.To complete a get goingal health pattern assessment, the nurse holds Mr. Thomas if he may ask him a few questions. Mr. Thomas is willing and in the course of their conversation shares with the nurse that he believes that he contracted the HIV during an affair with another woman. He states, How piece of tail I tell my wife about this? I am so ashamed. It is bad enough that I had an affair, hardly to pretend to tell her in this way I just dont think I fag end. She is not sick at whole. I will just say I wear pneumonia and take the medication my health bursting charge provider gave me. I do not want my wife of everyone else to get laid. If she begins to maneuver signs of not feeling well, thence I will tell her. I just cant tell some(prenominal)one. What will people think of me if they know I have AIDS?1. Briefly discuss how the HIV is transmitted and how it is not. How can Mr. Thomas prevent the transmission of HIV to his wife and others?In infected people, infectious HIV is present only in cells and in some bodily fluids. HIV can be isolated easily from rent, semen and vaginal/cervical secretions (including menstrual fluids). Blood and semen are the cells that are most likely to carry HIV. HIV has also been isolated from bureau milk. With much great difficulty, the virus has on occasion, been isolated from saliva, tears, and urine. It is has not been isolated from perspiration or feces. The current scientific view is that body fluids other than blood, semen, vaginal/cervical secretions, and breastmilk, contain so little, if any, HIV that they are not of major importance in HIV transmission between item-by-items. HIV is very fragile after-school(prenominal) of the body, so transmission requires direct contact of two substances, fluid containing the HIV from an infected person and susceptible cells (usually via the blood stream) of another person. Casual contact includes all types of ordinary every day, non-sexual contact between and among people. Shaking hands, hugging, kissing, sharing eating utensils, sharing towels or napkins, using the same phone and using a smoke seat are all examples of casual contact. Because HIV is quickly inactive outside the body, it cannot survive in open air or in water. (1) Methods that Mr. Thomas can transmit HIV to his wife and others would be any type of blood transmission or intimate sexual contact. Epidemiological data points to three modes of HIV transmission from person to person from blood, from birth, and from sex. Since Mr. Thomas is male we can cross out birth. Mr. Thomas can prevent transmission of HIV to his wife and others by only engaging in sexual activity with a condom, and even then there is a risk of the condom breaking and then being careful with any types of cuts, open wounds, and contact with others and his own blood.2. Mr. Thomas stated, What will people think of me if they know I have AIDS? How can the nurse explain the difference between being HIV positive and having AIDS?The nurse can explain n that Mr. Thomas does not have AIDS. AIDs are a complication once the immune system can no longer handle fighting the HIV contagion. HIV is the veritable infection itself, AIDS is what ascertains once the immune system is compromised leading the way to other infections that may not affect a normal healthy crowing or child, but become life threatening to a person with AIDs. This is caused by the weakened immune systems inability to fight off any infection.3. Discuss the ethical dilemmas inherent in this case.HIV disclosure is defined as a complex and multifaceted process of making a automatic or involuntary decision about whom to inform about ones status,why, when, where and how . This is particularly challenging when it comes to informing patients sexual allys, also referred to as partner notification. The three approaches to partner notification include i) source referral, whereby the health care provider encourages the patients to alert their partners themselves ii) provider referral, whereby the health care provider notifies the partners with the consent of the patients while respecting the pa tients confidentiality and iii) conditional referral, whereby the patients in agreement with the health care provider are supposed to inform their partners within a given time frame other the health care provider will do so (but without revealing the patients identity)(2)4. Does the health care provider have a legal obligation to tell anyone other than Mr. Thomas that he is HIV positive? If so, discuss.Legally, the nurse cant tell anyone. In court notifying an HIV-positive patients partner can be argued in terms of breaching professional ethics because ethically it is wrong to disclose your patients result or diagnosis to third parties without that individuals consent.5. Any loss, such as loss of ones health, results in a grief response. Describe the stages of grief according to Kubler-Ross. Denial This cannot happen to meAnger Why did this happen to me? Whos to blame for this?Bargaining Just let me live, and Ill do anythingDepression I am too distressful to do anythingAcceptance Im at peace with what is coming.6. Discuss which stage of grief Mr. Thomas is most likely experiencing. Provide examples of Mr. Thomass behavior that support your decision.I believe that Mr. Thomas is experiencing both denial and anger. In denial, he recognizes that this is indeed happening to him but he does not want his wife to know and that is his refusal to accept what is going on. The anger portion comes from him blaming his affair for it happening in which sense he blames both himself and the woman he had the affair with.7. What laboratory tests are used to confirm the diagnosis of HIV infection in an adult?HIV is most roughhewnly diagnosed by interrogatory your blood or saliva for the presence of antibodies to the virus. A newer type of test checks for HIV antigen, a protein produced by the virus immediately after infection.8. Discuss the function of CD4 T cells and provide an example of how the CD4 t cell count guides the management of HIV. CD4 cells are a type of white bl ood cell thats specifically targeted and destroyed by HIV. A healthy persons CD4 count can vary from 500 to more than 1,000. Even if a person has no symptoms, HIV infection progresses to AIDS when his or her CD4 count becomes less than 200. (3)9. Briefly explain the purpose of viral load blood tests in monitoring the overture of HIV.The viral load test measures the amount of virus in your blood. Studies have shown that people with higher viral loads generally fare more disadvantageously than do those with a lower viral load.(3)10. Mr. Thomas expresses a readiness to learn more about HIV. Discuss the nurses initial disturbance when beginning client teaching and then discuss the progression of the HIV disease, including an explanation of primary infection, A, B, and C and four main types of opportunistic infections. There are different stages of HIV infection. Primary HIV infection can show symptoms that can be confused as the flu. These symptoms can last for a join days to a few weeks and then disappear. Stage 2 is an a characteristic stage meaning that the patient probably shows little to no symptoms. This stage lasts for an average of ten years and, as its name suggests, is free from major symptoms, although there may be swollen glands. The level of HIV in the peripheral blood drops to very low levels but people remain infectious and HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood, so antibody tests will show a positive result. Research has shown that HIV is not dormantduring this stage, but is very active in the lymph nodes. A test is available to measure the small amount of HIV that escapes the lymph nodes. This test which measures HIV RNA (HIV genetic material) is referred to as the viral load test, and it has an important role in the treatment of HIV infection. (4) Stage 3 is symptomatic HIV characterized by lymph nodes and tissues becoming permanently damaged and the virus beginning to mutate to AIDs due to the inability of the body keeping up with hench man T cell rebuilding as the HIV virus kills off the helper T cells. Stage 4 is progression of HIV to AIDS. AIDS is diagnosed when any condition listed in clinical stage 4 is diagnosed and/or the CD4 count is less than 200 cells/mm3 or a CD4 percentage less than 15. (4) The ABCs of HIV areAbstinence for youth, including the delay of sexual debut and abstinence until mating Being tested for HIV and being faithful in marriage and monogamous relationships Correct and consistent use of condoms for those who practice high-risk behaviours (4) The CDC has listed 24 types of opportunistic infections regarding HIV. As his nurse I would make sure Mr. Thomas had the teaching regarding all 24, but I would clarify on the 4 main ones since he is already exhibiting symptoms of those. Four main types of opportunistic infections in regards to HIV are Thrush fungal infection of the mouth, throat, or vagina. Herpes simplex virus can cause oral herpes (cold sores) or genital herpes. This is a fairly common infection but if you have HIV, the outbreaks can be much more frequent and more severe. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC or MAI) a bacterial infection that can cause recurring fevers, general sick feelings, problems with digestion, and serious weight loss Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) a fungal infection that can cause a disgraceful pneumonia. (6)11. Following the nurses teaching, Mr. Thomas states, How stupid I was to have that affair. Not only could it ruin my marriage, but it gave me a death sentence. Share with Mr. Thomas what you know about long-term survivors, long-term non-progressors, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).HIV carriers can carry the virus for a decade showing little to no symptoms.There are many different types of maintenance drug therapies to alleviate symptoms, and reduce the rate of progression. Antiretroviral therapy can help stall the progression of the disease, however, discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy may result in viral reb ound, immune decomposition, and clinical progression of HIV. Interruption of HAART is not recommended (7). With HAART, patients who have had a positive HIV test have gone as long as 30 years with little to no symptoms and no progression of AIDS (6). HAART is defined as a drug regimen to achieve sustained viral suppression. Simplified treatment regimens and decreasing the number of medications that patients have to take each day has proven efficacious in patients adherence to their treatment. Drug companies are constantly finding new ways to combine the inhibitors into 2-3 medications versus the extensive treatment regimens originally used. boilers suit adherence rates are still only 30-50% in the US, so I would recommend extensive follow up with Mr. Thomas and his health care providers to increase his adherence.12. Discuss how the nurse should respond if Mr. Thomass wife approaches him in the hall and asks, Did the test results come back yet? Do you know what is wrong with my husb and?The nurse must tell Mr. Thomass wife that she cannot discuss Mr. Thomass medical condition with her and that she must ask Mr. Thomas himself. Legally and ethically, the nurse cannot give Mr. Thomass wife any breeding regarding his condition and diagnosis if Mr. Thomas has specifically asked for no information to be disclosed, which he has.13. List five possible nursing diagnoses appropriate to consider for Mr. Thomas.I chose these 5 for where Mr. Thomas is related to his disease at this time.1. lacking(p) knowledge related to HIV infection, means of preventing HIV transmission, and self-care2. Risk for infection related to immunodeficiency.3. Activity intolerance related to weakness, fatigue, malnutrition, impairedfluid and electrolyte balance and hypoxia associated with pneumonic infections.4. Social isolation related to stigma of disease, withdrawal of support systems, isolation procedures, and fear of infecting others.5. Anticipatory grieving related t changes in lifestyle and roles and untoward prognosisReferences1) Conner, Ross F., & Fan, Hung Y., & Vilarreal, Luis P. Aids, Science and Society, Sixth Edition, 2011, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC 2) http//www.biomedcentral.com/1472-698X/11/63) www.mayoclinic.com4) www.avert.org5) www.cdc.org6) www.aids.org7) Smeltzer, Suzanne C., & Hinkle, Janice L., & Bare, Brenda G., & Cheever, Kerry H. Brunner & Suddarths Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, (2010), Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

The Hunters; Scarce Resources in the Kalahari

The Kung providemen of the Kalahari Desert in S knocked out(p)hern Africa are one of the few bands of hunter-gatherers left in the world. They survive by foraging for their meals while traveling, never settling in one specific area. Hunting and gathering was the primary mode of survival until about ten gram years ago. Anthropologists have made assumptions about the hunt down and gathering lifestyle of current populations because it seems like a precarious method of living. Moreover, the Kalahari area where the Kung live in was perceived to be baron because it is a desert.However, a study done over a period of years beginning in 1960 led by Richard Lee disproved the common misconception of the life of these foragers, proving that they were non the uncultivated society that they were perceived to be. The Kung pot live in the Kalahari Desert in Southern Africa where there is minimum rainfall, and they are physically isolated from any agricultural societies in the area. They do t heir fieldwork in an area with eight permanent waterholes that were about 125 miles away from a river. They do not cultivate agriculture, nor do they have livestock nor are under any heavy government authority.The Kung peck rely solely on hunting and gathering for their survival because in the area that they live in, there is no opposite logical means of survival. Because of all of these observed setbacks, anthropologists of the 1960s axiom these bush great deal as a group living solely to find fodder for thought for survival. This was not the case however. When anthropologists of the 1960s went to study these people, they found that their perceptions were wrong. Although the people lived far away from other societies, and although they did not cultivate the land, they lived meaningful lives.Despite not having close neighbors from other societies, there was a relatively elephantine population of other camps of hunter-gatherers that were associated with the waterholes. In ad dition, although the desert is arid, there are many sources of vegetables that the people live consume. Despite what anthropologists debated, the author proved that the people did not have to live for the sole purpose of finding fare. There was a six-mile radius near from each one of the waterholes that had copious vegetation and an assorted source of meat. This suggests that in order to obtain nutrition for thought, the people only needed to go a certain walking distance.It was not necessary to travel for long periods to get a small portion of food, as anthropologists thought. However, there was never a surplus of food, which could allude to the fact that there was not enough food for a surplus. This was a misconception because the bush people had more(prenominal) than enough food to live off, so there was no need to obtain a surplus because there was no need to store food when it was readily available. Another misconception anthropologists had was that the bush people had to hunt often for sustenance but this was invalidated.The Bushmen go out to collect food around every terzetto day throughout the year. Anthropologists thought when they went out to get food, the Kung people went hunting. This was not the case. It was proven that around 60 to 80 percent of their forages were comprised of vegetation from the area skirt the camp. This can be partially attributed to the fact that the men are not always successful when they go to hunt, and it also involves the fact that there is a large variety of vegetation available to the people.Previously, anthropologists thought that in a hunter-gatherer society, there was primarily hunting done to sustain the population because not much flagellate was found in the camps, however, the primary types of animals hunted are small and vegetation does not leave much waste. There is never a shortage of food for the Kung, they have their pick of what types of vegetation they wish to consume, partially based on the seas on, and they occasionally eat meat. The people do not have to scour for food and settle for whatever they can find, as anthropologists thought.There is in reality an assorted variety of foods the Kung people choose from. And not every type of edible food is consumed. The people are selective in the types of food they want to eat, and sometimes settle for certain unpopular foods due to reasons such as drought. There is always food for the people to consume, but during certain times of year, the bush people have to travel farther to get to it. There is a shorter commute in the summer while in the spring, there is much more distance that needs to be covered to get food.The mongogo nut is a staple in the diet of these people because of its good nutritional value. This nut is attributed to around 50 percent of their diet of vegetation based on weight. This is a staple to the bush people, compared to rice or corn of other societies. The nut is hardy and drought resistant so it is alway s abundant throughout the year, and only of a fraction of it is actually cultivated. This is because of how selective the Kung people are with the types of food they consume. The more favorable fruits are commonly consumed first, and then staples such as the mongongo nut are eaten.Anthropologists and others also believe these people eat animals such as rodent and insects because they are included in literature about the people, but the bushman actually despise these animals as food and do not consume them. Moreover, gathering never results in all of the available vegetations depletion. There is always food available, so the bush people do not go long without food. It was once thought that the people were malnourished because of their location, but that was not original. The bushmen eat relatively balanced diets that include enough of each food group to be healthy individuals.It was believed that the hunting and gathering way of life was harsh and rigorous, so the people who follo wed this lifestyle were quickly worn out and died at an early age. Some anthropologists even assumed that the average age a bush person would reach before they died was around 45. This was definitely not the case after research was conducted. It was also perceived that the bush people abandoned their old and sick members because they cannot provide for themselves or for the camp therefore were deemed useless. The Kung bush people do not adhere to any of these prior assumptions.In the population of bush people, there were a percentage of people over the age of cardinal that was comparable to the percentage of those over sixty in industrialized societies. Elders were respected and were considered leaders of the camp, they were not abandoned and considered futile as once thought. Senile individuals were archaic but they, along with crippled and disabled individuals were cared for and valued for skills they had. The elderly were taken care of by their children when they could no long er provide by hunting or gathering.Anthropologists also had the notion that people began hunting and gathering at a young age, so that enough food could be provided. It was discovered however, that there is a late age of assumption of adult responsibility, and that young people were not expected to provide until marriage. There was a large portion of the population that does not provide food by hunting and gathering, and there was a small population that provide for themselves and those that do not work. It was discovered that children and the elderly lead intimately simple lives.Although there is a small population of people that actually search for and gather the food, their time is not completely preoccupied with finding food. It is true that finding food is the most important activity, but that is also important to most other societies, especially agricultural societies. The people devote around cardinal to nineteen hours of a traditional seven day week in search for food. The other time is used for leisure and recreation. As stated earlier, the Bushmen do not have a surplus of food, so there is no need to have rigorous seasons of work in search for food because it is usually always readily available.They obtain food to appease their necessary caloric intake and after that, their time is used for other purposes besides the search for food. womanhood spend their time doing activities such as embroidery, resting, taking care of her children, visiting other camps, or entertaining visitors. A woman would also be need to take care of the home and kitchen routines. These activities include cooking, or collecting water. Men usually are involved in visiting, entertaining guests or dancing. Hunting is insurgent and it is influenced by the hunters luck.For example, if a hunter is having bad luck for a certain period of time, they could stop hunting and participate in well-off activities. It was assumed that everyone has to go out to get food, but that is not t he case because some men can go longer than a month without hunting if their luck does not get better. Although they have large periods of time devoted to leisure, there is usually always a steady supply of vegetation and meat. ground on prior assumptions of a hunting and gathering lifestyle, anthropologists of the 1960s thought hunter-gatherers lived brutish lives where all they did was search for food.With Richard Lees research of the Kung through the 1960s he disproved these assumptions. Foragers were not barbaric individuals that lived solely off of meat and they lived for more than just finding food. Lee suggest that the view of both modern and ancient hunters ought to be reconsidered. And that hunting and gathering was a persistent and well-adapted way of life. The Kung of the Kalahari were an example of a set of foragers who lived lives with more meaning than just to survive through hunting.

Ethics and Business Practice

One of the m whatsoever ch every(prenominal)enges facing line of workes today is how to harmonize their organization, work and professional moral philosophy in contention with the prevailing business practices and environment. Beckton Dickinson lies between a rock and a hard place. They would want to carryout their business activities strictly adhering to not only their organizations policies and ethics but also the stipulations by the US government that vehemently outlaw any form of corruption or transplant.The US laws on international duty made it illegal for any multinational operating both at home or in foreign territories, to engage in any malpractice that seeks to bewitch a finale by any government, institution or individual. Many multinationals especially in Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa where there no stringent laws on tendering, exact been know to give kickbacks to influence the process. The individuals and the cite decision makers behind tendering are also known to ask for gifts and kickbacks so that they would favor a specific company. These gifts or commissions may range from a small gift to a colossal amount of money.Beckton Dickinson management team strives to maintain high standards that embrace fairness and honesty, and give way designed a guide advocating for the same. They have issued clear guidelines to their employees detailing the companys expectations on the proper conduct and business practice both inwardly the United States and globally. This guide touches on the issues ranging from political contribution to what is considered to be a gift. The employees have raised their reservations on these guidelines and would wish the amount in regard to what is congenial in terms of gifts to be defined according to the regions involved.Kickbacks and bribery as indicated in this report is not only a problem limited to any specific corporation, industry or government. It is a universal problem that equally requires global attention. It has permeated every aspect of business life and practice. An analyses of the problem would reveal that or so all the parties involved play a role in perpetrating the wickedness. The big corporations are in business and would want to under all cost bulletproof the most profitable deals. Beckton Dickinson would in no doubt wish to expand its sales and maintain its market leadership position in supplying health sector appliances.To keep its competitor a bay it might be forced to engage in malpractices to secure the contracts. The tendering individuals also may be inquire for bribes as well as the government officials. This problem hence is not perpetrated by a single party but by almost all the players. World opinion of late seem to be tilting towards unanimity in the need to establish strict anti-corruption laws in the procurement departments. Bribery is a vice that leads to morals and societal degeneration. In con wear thining this vice the perpetrators are threatening the soci al good.The principle of integrity, fairness and honesty are being threatened. It is imperative that steps be throngn to curb this menace to ensure that fairness thrives. Small businesses are being threatened, as some of them stubnot afford the bribes and kickbacks. There should be strict attachment to business ethics to level the playing field and ensure fair competition. Performance expectations gap is the gap that exists between what the society and shareholders expect the company to interpret in terms of performance and what it (company) actually delivers (www. abrema. cabbage).The shareholder and the state have insisted on the adherence to the stipulated laws as far as proper business ethics is concerned. The accountants and auditors of Beckton Dickinson are having it rough and are in a dilemma as far as accounting fro the gifts and the kickbacks is concerned. The company has issued clear guidelines on the require business ethics. It is advocating for mandatory compliances on the side of the employees. The employees especially the personnel on the ground claim the situation is hostile and tends to lean more on bribery and kickbacks.If you dont pay for the gifts, the rival companies will do it and clinch the tender. The company has not been able to harmonize its ethics to encompass all levels of its operations. There should be distinct guidelines in the different regions. Whereas some gifts may be considered ethical in for example the United States, in Japan it is a different tommyrot altogether. The company should not abet bribery in some countries while being strict in others. However the recent steps taken by the company is a positive indicator that even though the problem is serious, the organization is taking bold steps to curb it.The top management has flown into the regional branches to train the personnel and emphasis on the companies stand as far as business ethics are concerned. The trend is not expected to alternate overnight. Gradually t he company will achieve its key objective and instill discipline in this workforce. The situation though in the internationals scene will take long to change. The remedy to curbing this unethical practice requires a multifaceted approach, an approach that will encompass all the players involved. There are different approaches that can be taken in this.Some scholars claim that the big corporations are to blame, having recognized a weakness especially in the developing countries systems of governance they have been known to use all manners of strategies ranging from intimidation to bribery. Hence in ending those unethical practices, corporations have to be at the forefront. Self-regulation of these companies has to be emphasized, change must get by from within rather than without (www. newstarget. com) compliance with the ethical guidelines by Beckton Dickinson is a step in the right direction and should be emulated by other players in the industry.The key to unlocking this ethical d eadlock however, many will agree, lies in the government structures and policies themselves. The United States for example issued the stipulations on business practices and ethics as far as bribery and kickbacks are concerned. This greatly reduced the cases as bribery as corporations can now be faced with legal actions upon contravention of the rules. It is upon the governments as the key decision makers, to streamline their procurement rules to ensure fairness, transparency and accountability. Legal redress should be provided to the aggrieved parties.Although the corporations and the society have a role to play the governments hold the key and should be the one to initiate this change and ensure stiff penalties to the defaulters. Reference Dani Veracity, Bribery in medicine how drug authorities, Big pharmapushers and other medical racket operations forfeit ethics for powers and profits. Last updated on January 10,2006. Retrieved in 23/09/07 from http//www. newstarget. com/016676. h tml ABREMA. Activity based risk evaluation model of auditing. Retrieved on 23/09/07 from http//www. abrema. net/abrema/expec-gap-ag. html

A Steady Rain Essay

Its your typical cop movie, findable on the local channels. Two police officers claim to habituate their power for the good of the people, alone find out how much easier it is to take matters into their own hands. Although we all keister get this on our television for free, director Tazewell Thompson takes Keith miffs A Steady Rain and turns it into something charge paying for, or did he? The set is completely simple as a matter of all the samet I must say it is very uncreative. There argon two seats in the forward and several are lined up in the back making two single rows.In the far back and sides of the stage, there are blinds with cracks in it as if people have been peeping through them. No art work, non horizontal a coffee table, just chairs and blinds surrounded the stage. It took a while but it hit me, it is an interrogation room. Now, the only thing I predict coming is be a barbarian of hard earn silver and angry people in the audience asking for a refund. however when the two actors came out and started to talk to the audience as if we were a part of the act, it startled me and caught my attention.Im really in for the night of my life and if you were in my shoes, youll be to. This is definitely non your typical vivify loyalty, friendship, and lives are at stake. Huff wants us to understand that it does not matter how long or how impede you are with someone because in a split second they net betray you. This play did not provide a visual for less creative minds like myself. There was so much talking, storytelling, and menses conversations, that I found myself lost through a couple of scenes such as the one where the ergodic Vietnam boy shows up then gets eaten by some cannibalism.Good thing for Dennys (Aaron Ro gentle gentlemans gentleman Weiner) truculent voice which alship canal brought my attention back to the play. Whats not to love about Denny? He is an spirituous racist Italian who takes the law into his own hands leaving his k indergarten best friend, Joey (Kyle Fabel), to cover for him. Joey seems like the straitlaced loyal wise guy who you would assume has his life together, but in all it is just an image. Joey manifestly has to live under Dennys roof because he cannot control his liquor cravings. Denny believes that Joeys craving is the priming coat he has yet to have the most valuable thing in life, a family.Because Denny already has what Joey wants, he uses it against him by constantly reminding him who has what and who needs who which leads Joey to secretly wants to live the successful life of Denny. Dennys vulgar ways makes him seem like he was the main character and as if the world evolve around him. He takes biblical quotes and twists the words around to support his crazy and in his own opinion, logical ideas. Its every(prenominal) man for himself and fk your neighbor as you expect your neighbor to fk unto you (Huff 48).His rocky words are so striking that it leaves the audience in suspense quietly waiting for his close action. While Denny seems to be the one in charge, Joey on the other hand, stumbles over a couple of words. He tries to figure out what would be the best path for him and Denny. He shows his loyalty to his partner in curse by always sticking around and keeping his mouth shut when it comes to the other police officers. It is not always easy for Joey to cover up for Denny who has a particular attitude. He says that he is a family man and family comes first.However, he goes around sleeping with a prostitute, which in return creates conflict with the pimps, his job, and the safety of his family. Not even Saint Joey could save Denny from this situation because now both of their jobs are at stake. Denny will soon key out that all of his actions have consequences in which he is nowhere near prepared for. Are all his lies and his high treason of the family he claims to protect worth it? Since Joey is living in Dennys shadow, he believes that he is the one wh o should be taking care of the family.His loyalty for Denny soon dies when he finds the perfect opportunity to have the family hes been longing for. Joey is now speaking up for himself by telling Connie, Dennys wife, all of Dennys dirt. Joey even starts making moves on his best friends, since kindergarten, wife and is making future plans with his new family. Denny was right, it is every man for themselves. In this play, the two characters have their own unique personalities, but as the play progresses there is a lot of role and power switching that occurs during the rainy setting.In Thomas nurses, Its More Than honorable Rain or Snow, he shows the reason for why during the whole play it is raining. Foster says that rain sets the annotation and it could mean potential danger is on its way or is already occurring. Throughout the play we can see destruction amongst friendship and when the play ends, the rain ends as if all the trouble has been washed away. Foster says, So if you wan t a character to cleansed, symbolically, let him walk through the rain to get someplace (Foster 77).It is fascinated to see the twist within each character and to observe how each of them develops. By doing this, Keith Huff displays loyalty and friendship, but slams you with betrayal. Huff wants us to take a look at the people who we are closest with because at any given moment they can and there is a great misadventure that they will betray you. With all the conflicts seen in the play, only one of the brothers will have their happy ending. Its a shocking twist that I did not even see coming. Its worth the money spent.

Guns on Campus

Guns on College Campus Should blasts be kicked on college campus? Kenton L. McGowen Abstract This paper depart determine whether wedges hand a place on college, and develop campuses. The conclusion that the paper reaches is that students who waste ordnances exit be tempted to use them, particularly at univer amazeies and colleges that are full of drug use, stress, and anxiety. The mixture of submarines into a polity like that is simply not conducive to a safe environment.This paper will take try out from experts, as well as state rulings to show the two sides of numbfish control in regards to rail campuses in order to answer the question Should guns be allowed on college campuses? The constitution of the United States guarantees our right to resist arms in order to defend ourselves, scarcely where does the line fall where it is ok and not hunky-dory to place appliances? The debate has shifted from restaurants, to stores, and now to schools.It is late(a)ly that the question has come up, should college campus students be allowed to ware guns? The question is a safety issue and mostly centers around a guide for the preservation of life on these campuses, and whether or not the guns are absolutely necessary to spend a penny. It has been spurred on by the recent slew of school shootings that oblige hit areas of the country, most notably Virginia Tech in 2006. There are valid argumentative microscope stages to both(prenominal) sides, however.As previously menti hotshotd, the constitution of the United States guarantees the right to bear arms and also that no laws should be do abridging that freedom, so while some cry for safety and moderation, others simply advance that it is illicit to pr as yett guns from be bothwhere at any time. Of course, it is unlawful as well to murder with those guns, and the penalties tied to that are hold inn as a bridle in themselves to gun hysteria. The abuses committed with guns are already a violation of gun laws in themselves, so it is beneficial, in some thought to abide guns on campus to protect and deter against such annoyance.This is especially true when you consider the amount of school shootings that occur on campuss in fresh times. That is where the question stems from in the prototypal place. It is, however, conducive to gun violence to postulate guns around. Many of liberally bias media and their followers argue that guns fork out no place on college campuses. They dispute that these campuses are meant to be institutions of high learning and not places to harbor venerations of being shot by some iodine.Someone who is going to commit a hatred with a gun has no respect for gun laws to begin with (which say that you cannot commit a crime with a gun and therefore we cannot expect them to abide by societal norms and not commit crimes with guns). This is especially true on college campuses because campuses are meant to be learning institutes and thus guns do not ware a place in them or are a necessity at them. Also, it is my opinion that fighting crime should not be dealt with by the average citizen and that that is wherefore we hold police that we pay taxes for.The citizens should not have to engage in a shootout, when there are trained policemen to deal with that issue and that should be utilise in such situations. Society does not hire to take it upon them to deal with a deranged minority, and should have their tax dollars utilized to do so, as it should be. Also, when you consider the low amount of shootings that do occur at schools nationally, it almost comes off as illogical to allow gun carry to happen on campuses when the need for them is miniscule.An consummate policy shift is not needed to deal with a deranged minority, but in order is a possible restructuring of policy to make campuses less(prenominal) vulnerable to the possibility of an attack occurring. Alternatives make up to controlling gun violence that does not inclu de allowing a completely fortify society or student body to deal with it. A completely new policy is not what is needed to spare gun violence from occurring on campuss, but a strengthening of the old policies is definitely needed in order to prevent future attacks on student bodies, as weve seen in recent years.Gun Massacres do have an end to them but the steps to end them must(prenominal) be taken onward we can say that we will have come close to eradicating the problems that cause gun violence to occur in the first place. Perhaps new policy could include keeping police stationed at strategic points on campus to fracture respond to threats right when they are called in, or arming security guards amend, or perhaps doing random gun sweeps to make sure that no guns are on campus. These things would be to a greater extent effective than arming, or allowing, an faultless student body that could use he guns for anything. However, those opposed may see this as an infringement again st gun rights, as atomic number 27 found it recently to be in violation of state law. There is no evidence that says a well armed society is a polite society sans a mention popular amongst right wingers, and in this case it makes no sense to arm a society that would perhaps not react in the way that is foreseen, especially if the consequences could be a lot worse than is intended. On the contrary, schools are generally safe areas, as evidenced by the isolated accompanyings of school shootings. Rubino, 2012) When the sheer phone number of schools in the United States is brought into flier, and how few gun violence incidents there are, it makes sense not to arm a student body against a threat that likely will never occur within 50 miles of them, an overwhelming likeliness. A gun free campus is preferred to one with an abundance of guns and an atmosphere of paranoia that would follow typeface in the case of it. The absence of guns on a school campus, or university campus would g enerally render a safer atmosphere, as well as one bereft of paranoia and anxiety from those who so choose not to carry guns with them.Additionally, forcing guns into places where drinking and drug use is common may increase victims to gun violence, as alcohol impairs sound judgment and may not be the safest thing to have weapons around. (Brady Campaign, 2012) The policy that protects students should be changed, but as uttermost as allowing guns to be allwhere, it may be too much to ask that an army of students be at the disposal of a school that likely will never in its constituteence see an incident in which guns are used against the student boy from a deranged lunatic bent on absolute chaos on the campus.Proponents of gun laws for schools that would allow open carry to be an acceptable behave on school campuses cite that schools violate state laws, in some cases, when they do not allow students or cogency to obscure carry while on campuss. This was the reason for the decisi on from the state of Colorado recently to allow guns to be carried by students and faculty on campuses, as long as they have a conceal weapons license.The law previously did not extend to the University of Colorado, and the court recently ruled that it is unlawful that it does not. (Coffman, 2012) That raises the question of whether guns should be allowed on campuses in every state with laws allowing for concealed carry practices. Is it unlawful to resist those the right with a concealed weapon license to be able to carry guns on campuss, careless(predicate) of their intention? It seems that the law could have some holes in it, notably it would if the licenses to concealed carry were not checked.If concealed carry became a norm, how would anyone be able to tell the difference between those with a concealed weapon license and those without who brought the guns to commit less than noble acts upon a student body or a faculty member? The line easily could be blurred between who is t here with honest intentions and who is there without. It could be, due(p) to open concealed carry on campuss, that one would be undercover through a norm of concealment, in which they too brought a concealed weapon and it was not thought anything of due to others around having concealed weapons.In this scenario, no one would question the legality of the weapon and it would then become a matter of slam who was there with a license and who was not. This kind of guessing game is dangerous, and if weapons were forbidden on campuss, or solely allowed to faculty members, it would then be easier for law enforcement, the student body, and faculty to determine who was there with the wrong intentions. both they would need to do would be to look for the gun. School shootings have been in the news in recent times, especially the massacre at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech) which claimed over 30 lives.The question was raised should students be allowed to have guns in order to pr event attacks like this from happening? some said that if someone would have been armed that the attacker would have been subdued and many lives would have been saved. The argument is made, essentially, that a well armed society would be able to engage in a shootout on an attacker that was committing gun violence and that it may deter the attack from happening in the first place.Recently, 13 states are considering lawmaking that is aimed at creating concealed carry laws on college campuses. (Smalley, 2008) As of current, Arizona is trying to pass a measurement to allow concealed carry on campuses, and Utah is the only one that does allow. (Edwards, 2011) This may not be entirely true, however, as someone committed to gun violence is going to commit the act anyway, and lives will still be lost. As a college student, the thought of someone going crazy with a gun is scary to me and is something that I worry about from time to time.It is naive to think that there are no guns on colle ge campuss right now, and their legalization may just give law enforcement one less thing to worry about so they can focus on who is a threat with weapons and who is not. Additionally, school shootings have been stopped before due to teachers carrying guns, and it may be useful to allow them to continue to do so. (Hanford, 2008) However, as was pointed out earlier, it does not necessarily mean that everyone should have a gun.A college or university is meant to be a place of learning and it is no place for guns to be had at by the students, unless their intention is to cause problems with them. What is the point of having guns there, anyway? To me, it makes no sense to have one on a college campus and any reason that one would have one besides being law enforcement is completely invalid. As was stated earlier, if guns were banned on campuses across the country, it would be easy to determine who was there with the intention to act as an assailant against a student body, and who was no t.A good balance between these though may be allowing staff members to have one in the classroom just in case a Virginia tech incident were to occur again, but arming the student population is not necessary at this time nor will it accomplish anything that would see fruitful results for a country with a relatively low amount of school shootings when compared with the amount of schools there are in the country. It will lead to more gun violence and make the campuss a much less safe place than it was before the days of students being allowed to have guns on them freely.In conclusion, guns have no place in the school environment and there are plenty of opportunities to defend students before another disaster strikes the campuss like happened at Virginia tech or other schools in the past. The alternatives that exist are possibly arming the staff which would make campuses safer by acting as a deterrent to any armed attacks that might occur, but a learning facility is just that, for learn ing, and it should not incorporate the allowed carry or use of guns on them.A school should remain a school, and it should not be a place that others fear getting shot at or being attacked, and if guns are allowed then the likelihood just goes up for that kind of senseless attack to occur on a campus, so it is in the best interest of everyone if guns are not allowed on campuss. Though it is an abridgement of the second amendment, sometimes things must be abridged in order to achieve safety for all. Personally, I feel rights should sometimes be subverted in the interest of public safety.The benefits of allowing guns on university campuss are only that of stopping a strength attack, but those come up only once in a blue moon and entire policy should not be changed to accommodate it. The debate will always rage, as long as the constitution says that gun rights extend to everyone. There will never be a final resolvent to this problem, but the track record of safety for schools so far must be taken into account and for the most part they are safe. Whole new policy is not needed, but an understanding that sometimes shooters fall through the cracks.It is an understanding of humanity and its side effects of existing that will plague us for as long as the species of humans is around. Humans are by no means perfect, and incomplete will their shooting track records, but human life is invaluable and a restructuring of policy to better protect it is something that could be in order very soon. Works Cited Coffman, Keith. Colorado court says students can carry guns on campus. Reuters. Reuters News Agency, 5 Mar. 2012. Web. 5 Mar. 2012. . Edwards, D. (2008, January 17). After Tucson shootings, Ariz.Republicans push for guns on school campuses The defenseless Story. The Raw Story Americas 1 completely independent news and politics source. Retrieved February 29, 2012, from http//www. rawstory. com/rs/2011/01/17/shootings-ariz-republicans-guns-school-campuses/ Hanford, D . J. (n. d. ). Does Concealed Carry gull Sense In Schools And On Campus? Facilities Management Educational Facilities Feature. Facilities Management Cost-Saving Ideas, Jobs, Experts, Technologies, Products, Articles, News, Education and more for Industry Professionals.Retrieved February 29, 2012, from http//www. facilitiesnet. com/educationalfacilities/ name/Does-Concealed-Carry-Make-Sense-In-Schools-And-On-Campus10070 Rubino, T. (2012, February 19). Should guns be allowed on school campuses? CBS 5 KPHO . CBS 5 KPHO CBS 5 AZ KPHO Phoenix, Arizona, breaking news, weather,channel. Retrieved February 29, 2012, from http//www. kpho. com/story/16955378/should-guns-be-allowed-on-school-campuses Smalley, S. (2008, February 14). to a greater extent Guns on Campus? The Daily Beast. The Daily Beast. Retrieved February 29, 2012, from http//www. thedailybeast. com/newsweek/2008/02/14/more-guns-on-campus. html Woods, J. (2011, March 27). Allowing guns on campus wont make schools safer Ho uston record. Houston News, Sports, Business, and Entertainment The Houston Chronicle at Chron. com Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 29, 2012, from http//www. chron. com/opinion/outlook/article/Allowing-guns-on-campus-won-t-make-schools-safer-1690745. phpGuns on CampusIt is obvious all across America that I can handgun is by far one of the most deadly weapons out there. It is also obvious that a high percent of college students have a drug and or alcohol problem and every student is exposed to both. What happens when you combine both of them? Violence is what happens. We have organizations of uneducated students and adults, such as the SCCC (Students for concealed carry on Campus), that are ignorant because they believe a handgun will make them more safe. However, they are very mistaken.The fact of the matter is a gun cant save soulfulness from another gun. People argue that in situations such as 2007 Virginia Tech a student could have taken the shooters out. However, that is not the case. The shooters were taken the first step. They already had their weapons drawn and would have took out anyone out in their way. In most cases if a student is armed they will take them out first. This isnt even accounting for students and or faculty that could get hit in the crossfire. We cant turn a school into a battlefield.College students are associated with drugs and alcohol. That is a fact. All of a sudden you allow guns on campus and you have students taking them to parties and wielding them while under the influence. Even good Samaritans get impaired while using any substance. Not only does this put students and faculty in danger but it puts police and security units in danger as well. Above all, society is in danger. There are children and families that live within the confederation that dont need drunk and high students running around with weapons.Intimidation Is another reason why handguns shouldnt be allowed in the school area. Imagine being in a teacher spot and having a student who you heard or seen carry a firearm to your classroom. What if you have a fear of handguns? Would you be compelled to give him a better grade out of fear? Would you be scared to anticipate him? We need to take account for all the people who get involved for one person knead a gun to school and the people involved is everyone. Imagine being another student and having to sit next to a student who is known to be carrying or you have even seen carrying.Possibly you have the aforementioned(prenominal) fear as the teacher scenario. This kind of situation needs government intervention for the physical and cordial protection of others. Another key fact is that the college scenario is big for racial violence and gang violence environment. Also, that is immaturity related. Our country already has enough racial and gang related violence that we dont need to influence in the college environment. In the big picture allowing concealed weapons on campus will increa se violence

Explaining of the Sociological Perspectives in Health and Social Care

There ar 3 main perspectives The Structural/Functional prospect Relationship between parts of society, i.e. how aspects of society are functional and adaptive. Macro all aspects of society set in to the way society functions as a whole. For example the government pays for school teachers and schools and bin collection and so forth and in return citizens pay tax. The country couldnt run without the citizens paying tax. People who believe in this theory believe that member of society have to work together and agree on what testament be best for society as a whole. The Conflict Perspective Competition for scarce resources, i.e. how the elect control the poor and weak. Macro this theory focuses on the negative aspects and conflicted areas of society, the incessantly changing areas. Society is ever struggling and inevitably changing sometimes it is beneficial and other times it is negative and violent. Inequality is wide spread. To one partner this is the symbol of eternal love.To the other a mere financial expense. Symbolic/funda psychical interaction Perspective Use of symbols, i.e. face to face interactions. Micro how people interact with each other and how they go through symbols and the details of everyday life. People are seen to attach meanings to symbols, and because act up on these meanings. terminology are not static they have a meaning or meanings but the way in which the sender means/says the word could be taken differently by the receiver. Micro level of synopsis is of small social patternsMacro level of analysis is of large social patternsThe principal of sociological perspective areFunctionalism- an important part of some accounts of functionalism is the idea of multiple realisation. Since, according to standard functionalist theories, mental states are the tally functional portion, mental states can be sufficiently explained without taking into account the underlying physical medium (e.g. the brain, neurons, etc.) that re alizes such states one need only(prenominal) take into account the higher-level functions in the cognitive system.Marxism- is an economic political theory by which law is considered an instrument of oppression and control, and which the ruling class uses against the working class. Marxism holds at its vegetable marrow a critical analysis of capitalism and a theory of social change. The powerful and innovative uninflected methods Marx introduced have fixd a broad sick of disciplines.Feminism- has altered predominant perspectives in a wide range of areas within Western society, ranging from culture to law. Feminist activists have campaigned for womens legal rights (rights of contract, property rights, voting rights) for womens right to tangible integrity and autonomy, for abortion rights. A social institution can be defined as an organizational system which functions to satisfy canonic social needs by providing safe and suitable environment. Institutions such as government pu blic servicesreligion place of worship education schools economics areas family social servicesPrimary socialisation is when you learn the basic day to day norms and values through socialisation. This occurs during childhood. Secondary socialisation is when learning what is the appropriate behavior as a member of a smaller group within the larger society. To learn how to react to the role you find yourself in. This occurs with teenagers and adults, and involves smaller changes than those occurring in primary socialisation. WHO (world health organisation) definition of HealthHealth is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. 3 main factors that influence healthGeneticsPhysical environmentSocial environment an individuals choice and peer pressure of friends e.g. doing drugs may be forced by peers. Home, lifestyle, nutrition and income all affect health also. Concepts of healthPersonal responsibility if you k eep yourself clean and tidy (covering up cuts) thus you minimize the risk of infection. If you do exercise and eat good food you build up your immune system. Health as the absence of illness if you remain in a healthy state then its un wishly for you to become ill. All of these affect a somebodys health.Concepts of ill-health Ill health as a disease if a disease can be cured it can only be make by medicine or treatment Ill health as a disorder a disorder can be treated sometimes and can be done by changing your lifestyle or with help from medicine or treatment.Definitions of disability Impairment = a loss or abnormality of physical bodily structure or function, of logic-psychic origin, or physiological or anatomical origin Disability = any limitation or function loss deriving from stultification that prevents the performance of an activity in the time-lapse considered normal for a human being Handicap = the disadvantaged flesh deriving from impairment or disability limiting a person performing a role considered normal in respect of their age, sex and social and cultural factors The medical model sees a persons impairment as the cause of disability. The person with a disability to adapt to society kind of of society adapting to them. Socio-medical modelRecognises links between social life and the body. The social model is based on the expound that people are not handicapped because of illness or impairment. Instead, they are disabled because of how society is constructed.MEDICAL forge SOCIAL MODEL Disability is a deficiency or abnormality. Disability is a difference. Being disabled is negative. Being disabled, in itself, is neutral. Disability resides in the individual.Disability derives from interaction between the individual and society. The remedy for disability-related problems is cure or normalization of the individual. The remedy for disability-related problems are a change in the interaction between the individual and society. The component o f remedy is the professional.The agent of remedy can be the individual, an advocate, or anyone who affects the arrangements between the individual and society. Even though people who have disabilities are very different, we are all different ages, races, and different kinds of disabilities, we still deal out a lot of things in vulgar such as a common history and common experiences of being discriminated against (being treated different because of our disability). MedicalisationTendency of normal life stages, experience and events as needing medical intervention because they are seen to be risky and problematic. Clinical iceberg medical issues, the amount recognised etc. is just like the tip of an ice berg

Software development and engineering

There be two features which argon common to just about design definitions The solution of practical problems for the benefit of humankind The character of scientific and former(a) formalised fellowship to design and build artefacts within economic constraintsDifference between scientists and engineers Scientific ratiocination and research is essentially inductive, scientists try to infer general rules or laws from the results of a limited number of observations or experimental results The activities of engineers atomic number 18 quite distinct, their objective is for human benefit rather than explaining the natural world. They make use of scientific results in a deductive way (to verify designs and ideas that are feasible and safe.Development of engineering science cultivatesQUESTION How does engineering come to make use of scientific and formalised knowledge?ANSWER The discipline starts in a state of craft practiceAt this stratum engineering is carried out by practitione rs with little or no formal training andknowledge is acquired during apprenticeship.The second stage is the development of commercialized exploitation when pressures arise to make economic use of resources or to increase output. Practice becomes more organize and standard procedures are established.The third stage in development sees the emergence of employmental engineering. At this stage engineering is carried out by educated paids who use formal analysis and scientific theory to examine and verify their designs.Characteristics of engineeringEngineering projects tackle clearly defined and quantified problems.Another aspect of modern engineering is the use of systematised knowledge, this knowledge gives the engineer a good understanding both of the problems that he or she is addressing and the materials addressable for their solution.A science-based knowledge engineer will have considerable knowledge of proven procedures and designs which they can employ where appropriate.An important aspect of this codified knowledge is the ability to learn from reverses.SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AS design?Development of compiler technology In the 1950s when high-level scheduling languages were first being knowing and implemented, compiler writing was regarded as difficult. The development of the first compiler for FORTRAN, completed in early 1957, undeniable about 18 person-years of effort. Compiler technology has progressed dramatically since, that a compiler can now be implemented in anything from 6 person-weeks to a person-year. Modern compilers generally produce executable code that is real efficient and it is rare for programmers to need to resort to lower-level languages. Compilers are usually extremely reliable being at least as free from errors as most other package on a classifiable computer.Large-scale development projectsLarge-scale projects have always been much more prone to problems or failure than smaller developments, such as compiler implementation s, due to difficulties of organising and co-ordinating teams, and dealing with clients. But this is not always the case, as seen in these two examples of large and highly successful projects.Example 1 SABRE, an Airline Reservation schema developed for American Airlines. The project delivered about one million lines of code and involved around cd person-years of effort. This success is all the more striking because of the lack of supporting software there were no database systems uncommitted at that time, for example.Example 2 NASA Space Shuttle. The project involved introducing rigorous control of software development, trailing all changes and errors, and constantly refining the development carry out to ensure that errors are eliminated at the earliest potential stage.Other branches of engineering which have resulted in major disasters In 1968, Roman point (a high-rise stymy of flats in London) collapsed after a gas explosion in a top flat. The block was constructed employ pr efabricated components. In 1980, the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City, Missouri, a suspended walkway which connected hotel floors collapsed ca apply deaths of 114 people. The failure was due to a combination of design and construction flaws.QUALITY AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTIn modern industry and cable there is enormous concern to try to produce goods and services of high flavour.Definition of tincture The adjust of characteristics of a product or service which satisfy a customers requirements and expectationsAmerican Joseph Juran, one of the early advocates of part management, defined quality as the fitness for uses.Detailed tracking of error statistics during development has been found by developers such as Microsoft, to be extremely useful even though they may adopt a more informal approach to managing software development (Cusumano and Selby 1997).Development of ideas about qualityTotal timberland Management (TQM) Clearly defining quality in terms of customers or consumer s requirements Concentrating on achieving quality by improving production processes rather than by inspection of end products The clear specification of processes and the use of statistical analyses and other techniques to track down the sources of faults so that the process can be improved The involvement of everyone in quality improvement Constantly trying to improve quality by learning from faults and improving processes and designs.The coat of quality management to software developmentApplicable to software development?Each development of a system is a one-off project so it is not obvious that insights derived from improving manufacturing processes are applicable.The argument of Deming and others that quality cannot be achieved by testing alone is borne out by the experience of many software developers.Quality standards ISO 9000In order to achieve ISO 9000 certification It has standards against which to measure all aspects of its development practices It has procedures in plac e to assenting performance against these standards Both the standards and the assessment methods used are recognised in the industryISO 9000 has been criticised on its situation criteria for introducing too much paperwork and ignoring the importance of continuous improvement.Capability Maturity ModelThis model is primarily pertain with the way in which projects are managed and organised, so it proposes five levels of maturity in development practices.1. Initial Level- non durable environment for developing software. Success heavily dependent on key project staff.2. Repeatable Level-Managing software projects based on previous experience. Project progress is tracked and under control.3. Defined Level-A standard process of software development is used across the organisation. Adapted and tailored appropriately for individual projects.4. Managed Level-Measurable quality targets are set for projects and the results achieved by all projects are monitored.5. Optimising Level-Measureme nts obtained from the monitoring of software development are used as a rear end for refining and improving the process used. This level is one of continuous improvement.Chapter 11 Societies for calculate professionalsWHAT ARE PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES? Professionals, such as medicine or the law, are distinguished from other occupations by the long period of training and experience which are required in order to qualify as a practitioner. Regulated by professional societies Societies are run by the members of the profession and represent its interests Not under the immediate control of the government or employersProfessional institutions can be make in two ways By stature (by passing a law) Royal CharterThe Engineering profession (the institution of Civil Engineers, the institution of Mechanical Engineers, the British Computer Society) have similar rights and responsibilities To advance knowledge in their area To uphold and seek to improve standards of practice (e.g. code of conduct for members) To set educational and training standards in their field (e.g. running professional exams and accrediting certain degree courses) To advise the government on issues within their area of expertise (e.g. BCS on the Computer Misuse Act)THE HISTORY OF ENGINEERING PROFESSIONS When engineering was at the stage of a craft practice, there were few formal mechanisms for the training of new engineers Throughout most of the nineteenth century British engineers were firmly convinced of the value of practical experience as the basis of trainingPROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS FOR SOFTWARE ENGINEERSTwo professional institutions which have most relevance for computer professionals are the British Computer Society (BCS) and Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE).Engineering Council Created by Royal Charter in 1981 Contains 290000 qualified engineers, including about 200000 Chartered EngineersFEANIFEANI represents the engineering profession at a European level and is made of engineering ins titutions from 27 countries. It was formed in 1951.PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPMembers of professional societies gain the benefit of come across other professionals in their field as well as access to other resources, such as libraries, seminars and special interest groups.Course accreditationComputer Science degree courses which cover similar materiel to that of the BCS exams are often real by the British Computer Society. For a degree course to give ample exemption it must Cover the underlying theory and mathematics appropriate to computing Have an emphasis on design Promote understanding of ideas of quality Cover systems development approaches Cover ethical, legal, social and professional issues Include a substantial student project which involves the implementation of an occupation or tool using an engineering-based approach.Registration with the Engineering CouncilThe Engineering Council maintains a register of qualified engineers. EA1 introduction to the fabrication and use o f materials EA2 application of engineering principlines EA3 a thorough and structured introduction to industry, involving practical assignments EA4 preparation for the post with responsibilityEA1 and EA2 = accredited in engineering degreeEA3 and EA4 = period of appropriate workProfessional developmentBCS has developed the patience Structure Model to classify different roles and responsibilities which computing professionals must have. It identifies some 200 professional functions ranging from programming to management. The purpose of the model is to help individuals and organisations to plan training and career development by identifying current gaps in knowledge.BCS runs two development schemes Professional Development scheme computing professionals have properly planned and substantiate trainingContinuing Professional Development those who have achieved qualification but who need to broaden their knowledge.

Feasibility Study Essay

This Feasibility composition was made assertable by the guidance, supervision, cooperation and participation of the following To the Almighty God who always looks up and secures the safety of the prepargonrs in doing this project. To our pargonnts who always fall and give words of wisdom to inspire us in doing our best in preparing the Feasibility Study as well as giving their both financial and emotional support. To our beloved intelligent advisor and byplay Plan Professor, Maam Ma. Rona D. Sahagun, who has greatly shared her knowledge to us with patience and diligence in assistanting us meet the necessary works for the completion of our Feasibility Study. To the Preparers, themselves who take hold disposed lot of efforts and consumed so much time to make the completion of the feasibility study be possible and successful within the given time. Together, we sincerely acknowledge and give thanks the person/s mentioned in a high uper place who have brought the success of doin g this Feasibility Study. We are very grateful for this wonderful accomplishment.IntroductionWe are in the handicraft of building and strengthening relationships through the art of transforming farces. A specialty store that chiefly provides in the flesh(predicate)izes materials and services. We choose this kind of business primarily because we want to express our ideas through craft of making customized things. We help our thickenings to make they wants be possible as it is. We named this business fashionable galore(postnominal). CLASSY GALORE is a possessing elegance, the attribute of being tastefully initiationed, decorated and maintaining refined grace and dignified propriety. A deeper, more meaty word for cool, because it is the result of your creative concept which is different from others. The uniqueness of Classy Galore stuff comes from our own composition and the suggestion coming from our beloved target markets. We are accepting opinions, adding details on stuffs f or a better outcome for its aesthetics. The colorful atmospherics and collaterals of CLASSY GALORE, its innovative, fashion-forward and fun, and the handsome and personalized service of its staff captured the hearts and purses of the market.MissionThe CLASSY GALORE mission is to execute our clients design and ideas in order to make it possible. We are also committed to provide customers with wide range of high quality product. It will give friendly prices, hassle muster out and fast transaction. Moreover, it also guarantees that our entire client will be given outmost respect, love, attention and service.VisionCLASSY GALORE will be one of the most visited shop in our country and in the succeeding year it will diffuse and be known to other places. Furthermore, it continuously values convenience and long-term relationship with its customers.Objectives1).To receives a 50% profit margin within the first year.2).To provides total quality of a customers desire.3).To expands our busines s in three (3) years.4).To patronize by people particularly in San Pablo City Laguna.Strategies1).Our clients are free to suggest their ideas or details on the stuff that they want to personalized. 2). More revenue with lower toll (purchased more to earn discount) 3). Offering membership, SUKI stamp (redeemable for a period of time)Product/Service Description* Our compositions are made from the raw materials that already exist and are possible to enhance.Example t-shirt (plain)Out frame we put prints, sequence, patches etc. ( for adding those materials it end up to a vibrant one)* Items are sold through directly visit our shop.* They purchased those products in our store because we offer affordable prices that have the assurance of a good quality.* Our pricing regularity is based on the materials used.* By our friendly interactions with the buyer will make them satisfied. commercializeing StrategyOur merchandise strategy will non exceed 5% of our annual gross sales. Marketing w ill be via * Direct visiting and phone calls free shipping if ordered by 2pm central. * Advertisement postcards, pliers* Business Cards* Word of mouthSales StrategyOur key to sales strategy at CLASSY GALORE, will be a great buying feature, every time. Once a customer comes in the door, they will be greeted and assisted as much or as little as they wish. Some customers are uncomfortable with lots of personal attention others expect it. Ems experience as a student has taught her how to read the subtle signs that tell her what a customer is seeking when they enter. exclusively customers will be offered reading materials season they shop, and we will have comfortable chairs for friends to sit in while waiting. Our sales goal is to generate repeat business and strong word-of-mouth advertising based on this great buying experience. Word of mouth in new apparel stores escapes to spread to family, friends, co-workers. Target Market and Customer CharacteristicsCLASSY GALORE is a custome r purchases are occasion-driven and include birthdays, anniversaries, thank-yous, get well wishes, congratulations, and employee recognition. Customers tend to be those without the time or desire to assemble their own customized gifts. Part of the purchase process is indeed a need for convenience and for imaginative contents that make people say, I wouldnt have thought of that. Customers stick out be found across San Pablo City, but individual repeat clients tend to be men and women, indicating that they have busy lives and need gift solutions that are meaningful and yet convenient to purchase. resort business clients are often in service businesses, such as students, employee or just an nondescript people. Late November through December is expected to be one of the busiest times of the year for CLASSY GALORE, because businesses purchase holiday gifts at that time. CLASSY GALORE, location near downtown, where many business offices are located, makes quick deliveries possible. CLA SSY GALOREs, greatest potential for increasing its client base is the business sector, where it can be promoted as a convenient, personal (yet appropriate), and high-quality tool for customer care, and employee recognition. CLASSY GALORE will not overlook the potential of its individual clients, however, promoting itself as a solution for those gift-giving times that require a personal touch.

Discussion Week 5 Question 1 Stock Options Chapter 8 Assignment

Discussion Week 5 Question 1 Stock Options Chapter 8 - Assignment ExampleUsing Wal-Mart Company as an example, the company usually gives options to its employees. Each option covers a maximum of ten years from the time when it is granted. For those who at the time the option is granted own channel which represent 10% of the voting power in personal line of credit at the company, the term will non exceed five years. An employee can exercise an option when he gives notice to Wal-Mart and the company receives full pay for the option. An employee can exercise their option when their term ends as long as the option does not carry restrictions. This can be done within sixty days. Options are transferable and are disposable to an prompt family this is a Permitted guide. An option cannot is not transferable to another person other than through the Permitted Transfer or by the laws of distribution.The best way that the company can leverage stock options so as to offset employee compens ation is by allowing employees to sell, transfer and dispose stock in the open market. This is because many employees curb options as being part of their compensation and usually want to exercise them so as to posture money. Restricting this to just family members is likely to make the options unattractive to employees. Employees should also be free to exercise the options at any time without following the process of notifying the company. This is because as they are in the process of notifying the company, they may look across out on making profits the moment that the stock prices go up in the stock